As a critical component of traditional energy structures, coal-fired power generation is widely utilized in large and medium-sized power systems worldwide. By burning coal to release thermal energy and drive steam turbines for power generation, it offers advantages such as stable efficiency and abundant fuel supply. However, the combustion process produces large amounts of pollutants, posing threats to the environment and public health.

| Production Process | Major Pollutants | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Coal storage, handling, and crushing | Particulate matter | Primarily coarse particles; some contain heavy metals and harmful substances |
| Combustion stage | SO2, NOx, flue dust, CO2, mercury, and other heavy metals | Mainly gaseous pollutants; complex composition, some with corrosive and toxic properties |
| Boiler flue gas emissions | Fine particulates, hazardous gases, acidic gases, water vapor, fly ash | High temperature, high humidity, contains corrosive and fine particulate matter |